California Red Scale page 2

Generalized Life Cycle in Maricopa County Arizona:

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

crawlers

peak

crawlers

peak

immature scale (instars, ♂ and ♀)

adult females (old enough to hatch crawlers)

adult male - fliers

peak fliers

REFERENCES:

Prepared by Cherry Chandler, Arizona Department of Agriculture

California Red Scale Female and Young Settled Stages, BugKey; The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand; picture courtesy of Rosa Henderson, Landcare Research; 1999 web-site.
http://w ww.hortnet.co.nz/key/stone/bugkey2a/nowings/immobile/scales/crsfem1.htm

California Red Scale ; HYPPZ; de la Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; February web-site.
http://www.inra.fr/Internet/Produits/HYPPZ/RAVAGEUR/6aonaur.htmAPHIS Web-

California Red Scale Monitoring and Degree Day Calculations , University of California, 1997 web-site.
http://ci trusent.uckac.edu/crsover.htm

Crop Profile for Citrus in Arizona ; National Science Foundation founded Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Virtual Center for IPM; March 2004 web-site.
http://cipm.nc su.edu/CropProfiles/docs/Azcitrus.html

How to Manage Pests, Olive - California Red Scale ; UC IPM Online, University of California, Davis; web-site updated 7/00.
http://www.ipm.ucdavis. edu/PMG/r583300811.html

Langston, Dave, Roberta Gibson, Dean Bacon ; Collecting IPM Baseline Data for California Red Scale Control, Summary June 1994; University of Arizona; March 2004 web-site.